Car@ tradutor@,
Se você é tradutor de AV, com certeza já interagiu com alguém que babou no seu ofício: “Nossa, que trabalho maneiro!”. Verdade que encontramos dificuldades e percalços pelo caminho, mas nossa profissão é de fato muito maneira. O principal motivo pelo qual se demonstra tanto interesse e admiração pelo que fazemos é que manipulamos muitos materiais audiovisuais. “Você trabalha assistindo a vários filmes e séries!”. Mais uma vez, verdade seja dita, muitas vezes legendamos materiais que não causariam muita inveja na galera, mas trabalho é trabalho e nem tudo são flores.
Mas pendendo para o lado realmente interessante, que é assistir a muitos filmes e séries, você já parou para se perguntar, como tradutor de AV, o quanto você entende de cinema e o quanto o seu conhecimento da área influi no seu trabalho? Ou mesmo como curioso, já pensou em como o seu entendimento dos elementos cinematográficos te ajuda a entender uma produção audiovisual e se relacionar com ela? Interessar-se por cinema é o pré-requisito mais importante para ser tradutor audiovisual, mas se considerarmos a TAV uma etapa da pós-produção do filme, o que ela de fato é, entender de cinema se torna condição sine qua non para atingir um nível de qualidade elevado na tradução.
Pensando nisso, resolvemos trazer para você uma série de posts que vai ajudar a todos a entender mais sobre cinema e transportar isso para os nossos trabalhos com TAV e nossas vidas de espectador também. Em colaboração com o editor e finalizador da m.art.ucci Ivan M. Franco, trazemos nesta quinta a primeira edição da série. Vamos lá?
***
Quando imaginamos um diálogo qualquer entre duas pessoas, utilizamos artifícios comuns e já estruturados nas formas narrativas conhecidas: podemos imaginar esse diálogo escrito como em romances, separado por travessões entre cada personagem; talvez com balões mostrando quem diz cada fala num quadrinho. Em um filme, provavelmente nós faríamos como um diretor: as pessoas envolvidas não ficam completamente de frente uma para a outra, mas um tanto perpendicular, para que a câmera possa enquadrá-las e captar um número maior de gestos e expressões.
No cinema, essa maneira de apresentar um diálogo já é considerada como clássica, o enquadramento comumente usado para situar pessoas e diálogos em um determinado ambiente de forma eficiente. Após estabelecer a posição das personagens dentro daquele local, podemos trocar os pontos de vista e acrescentar novos elementos e camadas ao diálogo. Isso pode ser feito de inúmeras maneiras: um enquadramento baixo virado para cima pode causar a impressão de superioridade de uma personagem sobre a outra; um enquadramento muito fechado nos olhos pode demonstrar surpresa (ou basta contratar o Marlon Teixeira); algumas perspectivas podem ser completamente subjetivas, através do uso de pontos de vista peculiares, seja de animais ou até de objetos inanimados. Tudo isso ainda é considerado clássico.
Esses recursos narrativos vêm de um planejamento anterior e passam, de maneira resumida, pelo roteiro, direção de fotografia, direção de atores e edição. Mas resumir dessa forma é desconsiderar cada outro elemento que acompanha uma narrativa audiovisual: deixamos de citar as cores usadas, caso sejam usadas cores; a produção de arte e todo seu figurino ficam negligenciados; o próprio trabalho dos atores fica em segundo plano. Queremos dizer que cada profissional ou artista responsável por algum elemento da narrativa precisa considerar os outros elementos para que a obra possa expressar ao máximo o que o autor pretende. Se por alguma razão o filme for preto e branco, não fará muito sentido o diretor de arte trabalhar com milhares de cores diferentes. O cinema é uma arte feita por muitos autores, por mais que seja idealizada por apenas uma pessoa.
Ao chegar à tradução audiovisual, é a nossa vez de considerar o máximo de elementos em cena para fazer o nosso trabalho. Apenas escutar a fala e olhar brevemente para a cena, desconsiderando as sutilezas que marcam aquele momento pode, em menor escala, tirar da beleza que um diálogo traduzido com sensibilidade cinematográfica poderia adicionar à cena; ou, em maior escala, causar discrepâncias e tornar grosseira a TAV. Dar atenção ao enquadramento permite que as falas traduzidas acompanhem a intensidade desejada pela cena. De forma semelhante, a luz e cor apresentadas pela produção dizem muito sobre o que se quer comunicar ao espectador, bem como as palavras escolhidas na tradução. Assim, se luz e iluminação são relevantes para o filme, devem ser para a tradução também.
O filme vencedor do Oscar deste ano “Moonlight – Sob a Luz do Luar”, legendado pela LBM, dá vida à dura vivência do protagonista Chiron, menino negro, pobre, mãe dependente química, que se descobre homossexual, acaba espancado, vai preso e se torna traficante de drogas. Diante dessa sinopse, o tradutor poderia facilmente adotar uma linguagem igualmente dura todo o tempo, que refletisse a realidade ali ilustrada. As cores do filme, no entanto, vêm nos dizer o oposto: ao dividir o filme em três capítulos, cada qual com um tratamento de cor diferente, a produção se afasta de um registro realista e documental para criar uma atmosfera onírica, em que o espectador não só é testemunha dos duros eventos vividos por Chiron, mas também pode mergulhar na sua vida emocional.
Em outubro do ano passado, o IndieWire publicou um artigo extremamente detalhado sobre esse aspecto do filme, com imagens inéditas que comparavam cenas do filme extraídas diretamente da câmera e suas versões pós tratamento (leia o texto em inglês na íntegra aqui). Na imagem abaixo do ator Mahershala Ali, vemos que a alta saturação deixa o visual muito mais quente, trazendo mais textura ao tom de pele. Não coincidentemente, o primeiro capítulo do filme traz diálogos de reflexão sobre a cor de pele negra dos personagens e considerações sobre a luz do luar cubano, contrastando com a paisagem californiana. Confirmando essas relações, o colorista do filme Alex Bickel disse que “foi seu trabalho desenvolver paletas que proporcionassem o impacto emocional desejado pelos criadores do filme”.
O diálogo entre a TAV e esse movimento estético, trazido pelos elementos cinematográficos da luz e do tratamento de cor, se dá numa trama muito delicada de legendas que mistura registros formais e informais, gírias e linguagem poética, expressando ao mesmo tempo profundidade e sensibilidade, num contexto em que seria difícil de desvincular o conteúdo do filme a visões clichês de questões sociais sem a ajuda dessa tensão visual. Um filme como “Moonlight”, preenchido de silêncios brilhantes e às vezes até devastadores, determina esse cuidado com as legendas para que a experiência proposta pela obra não fique prejudicada. O resultado é uma narrativa que nunca viola a nossa suspensão da descrença e permite que todas as suas camadas sejam absorvidas e contempladas pelo espectador. O diálogo perfeito entre artistas e público.
***
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