Para esta semana, mais um post superespecial da nossa expert em rolês urbanos, Vanessa Bocchi. Desta vez, ela nos apresenta um panorama dos cinemas de rua em São Paulo, nos dando ótimos motivos para visitar esses espaços que tanto dizem sobre nossa cidade e cultura, mas que comumente não frequentamos. A Mostra de Cinema de São Paulo começa hoje, espalhada por diversos cinemas de rua de São Paulo, então fica a dica 🙂
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Semana passada, andava pela Rua Fradique Coutinho, em Pinheiros, onde moro há pouco mais de dois anos. Passei em frente ao Cinesala, cinema de rua tradicionalíssimo paulistano (se encontra no mesmo local desde 1962, com diferentes nomes ao longo dos anos). Sem compromissos agendados para a tarde, cogitei conferir a próxima sessão disponível, quando me dei conta que, naqueles últimos dois anos, havia ido ao Cinesala duas únicas vezes. Número baixíssimo para uma pessoa que se considera cinéfila e mora a um quarteirão do cinema, certo?
Depois de alguns bons minutos assimilando esse fato, comecei a tentar listar os motivos para que essa frequência fosse tão baixa. Seria por achar muito caro? Ou o comodismo de ter o combo sofá + TV me aguardando em casa do outro lado da Teodoro Sampaio era tentador demais para resistir?
Assumi para mim mesma que ambos os motivos eram verdadeiros (e não me orgulho de como o segundo me faz parecer preguiçosa, juro).
Com isso em mente, dediquei um tempo a pesquisar e escrever sobre cinemas de rua, mas não queria elaborar um ranking dos melhores e mais bonitos de São Paulo, como vejo constantemente pela internet. Queria engatar uma discussão sobre a importância de frequentá-los e percebendo ao mesmo tempo o papel deles na cidade, tanto na questão cultural quanto urbana.
Os cinemas de rua eram muito comuns na década de 60 e 70, mas ao longo dos anos que trouxeram exponenciais avanços tecnológicos, as redes de exibição preferiram investir em complexos com um grande número de salas dentro de shopping centers, aliando o cinema à sua área de lazer. Hoje são poucos os cinemas propriamente de rua espalhados pela cidade.
Abaixo, procurei listar os principais motivos para incluirmos esses incríveis espaços culturais e de entretenimento no nosso próximo roteiro de lazer.
Seleção dos Filmes
O primeiro pensamento que vem à mente quando falamos de cinema de rua é a escolha da programação. Expressões como “filmes cult” ou “filmes cabeça” sempre aparecem no assunto e, se às vezes esses podem não ser os termos mais apropriados, não podemos negar que a maior parte do circuito de exibição dessas salas escolhem filmes que vão na contramão dos blockbusters, preferindo exibir filmes independentes, de pequenas distribuidoras, ou até mesmo realizando pequenas mostras de filmes clássicos e participando de festivais cinematográficos.
Ambientação
Um elemento diferencial desses empreendimentos são os espaços onde estão construídos, seu design arquitetônico e decoração. Não há comparação entre qualquer sala de um grande complexo de shopping com o Cine Marabá, por exemplo. Inaugurado em 1944 e tombado como patrimônio histórico, seu grande salão de entrada, lustres e fachadas passaram por uma restauração em 2009 e hoje o cinema abriga cinco salas de exibição.
Também vale conferir o Cinearte no Conjunto Nacional e sua aparência que remete a um grande teatro, além de outras salas cuja decoração é uma atração à parte. É o caso da Cinesala, com pôsteres de filmes clássicos espalhados pelas paredes (desde Monty Python até Trainspotting) e mobiliário de Ruy Ohtake e Zanine Caldas.
História e Urbanismo
Se traçarmos uma rota pela cidade abrangendo a localização desses cinemas, temos mais do que um circuito de passeio, temos também um trajeto que conta a história da cidade. A localização do próprio Cine Marabá, na Av. Ipiranga, já diz muito sobre o cenário cinematográfico da época. Pertencente ao empresário paulista Paulo Sá Pinto, ele foi construído em frente ao antigo Cine Ipiranga, que pertencia ao espanhol Francisco Serrador, dono na época de um grande número de complexos na cidade. A escolha do local foi uma clara mensagem de oposição à hegemonia de Serrador nos cinemas paulistanos.
A Cinemateca Brasileira já teve suas projeções e eventos organizados no antigo Cine Fiametta (hoje o Cinesala!) até que, em 1992, a prefeitura cedeu o complexo tombado do Matadouro Municipal para abrigar sua vasta coleção de filmes. Ao longo dos anos, o espaço passou por diversas reformas e hoje nele também se encontra a Biblioteca Paulo Emilio Salles Gomes, que conta em seu acervo com quase 5.000 livros, revistas brasileiras e estrangeiras, estudos acadêmicos e diversos cartazes de filmes para fazerem a alegria de qualquer cinéfilo.
Infelizmente, quando falamos hoje do impacto desses cinemas nas metrópoles, o assunto é sempre acompanhado por um tom pessimista e nostálgico, já que a desativação da grande parte deles ao longos dos anos em todo o Brasil deixa um buraco na memória urbana e arquitetônica das cidades, alterando paisagens e a identificação dos polos culturais nos bairros.
Porém, para olhares mais otimistas, como o de Márcia Bessa e Wilson Oliveira Filho no excelente artigo “Nas ruas dos cinemas, cinemas nas ruas, cinemas de rua: a cidade como uma questão cinematográfica”, isso também significa que os espaços que ainda permanecem são um lembrete diário de sobrevivência e de revitalização de nossas áreas urbanas.
Manutenção
Falar sobre a importância histórica e de como a ambientação de um cinema de rua é muito mais agradável do que um shopping center é mais do que válido. Agora, quando olhamos para dentro da indústria das salas de exibições e entendemos como os pequenos espaços passam por ainda mais obstáculos para se manterem ativos, os motivos para os apoiar ficam ainda mais escancarados e deveriam influenciar na hora de escolher onde assistir ao próximo filme.
Por seu número reduzido de salas e seleção dos filmes exibidos (já discutido anteriormente), o lucro dificilmente é proveniente do faturamento da bilheteria. No modelo de negócio atual, as distribuidoras ficam com a maior parte do dinheiro arrecadado pelos filmes. Segundo o Sebrae, a lucratividade está baseada nos serviços complementares, como alimentos e bebidas, venda de espaço de mídia, aluguel da sala para eventos, etc. Tudo isso tem que acomodar os gastos elevados desse tipo de entretenimento, considerando equipamentos, estrutura e manutenção das salas.
Tudo isso complica ainda mais quando pensamos na concorrência. No mercado de exibidoras, os complexos com mais de 5 salas representam hoje quase 70% do faturamento desse mercado (Ancine, 2015).
Para os créditos finais…
Cada tópico abordado poderia se estender muito mais (há ótimos livros sobre o assunto, a história dos cinemas de rua cariocas, por exemplo, é riquíssima e recomendo muito o estudo), mas a mensagem que deixo é que há motivos para incluir esses cinemas no seu próximo passeio, que se torna ainda mais rico quando valorizamos a história e o cuidado que foi investido ali.
Infelizmente, a oferta atual dos cinemas de rua não atende aos bairros mais periféricos (e isso já renderia um outro post). Por outro lado, a maioria desses cinemas possui fácil acesso através de transporte público. Tentem marcar já na agenda uma visita a um deles o mais rápido possível e passem pela experiência de irem ao cinema para curtir e absorver muito além do filme.
Referências
Márcia Bessa e Wilson Oliveira Filho, « Nas ruas dos cinemas, cinemas nas ruas, cinemas de rua: a cidade como uma questão cinematográfica », Ponto Urbe [Online], 15 | 2014, posto online no dia 30 Dezembro 2014, consultado 13 Agosto 2017. URL : http://pontourbe.revues.org/2536 ; DOI : 10.4000/pontourbe.2536
Paulo Roberto Elias, « Cinemas de rua » consultado 13 Agosto 2017. URL : http://webinsider.com.br/2013/01/03/cinemas-de-rua/
Arte das fotos: Ivan M. Franco
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Vanessa Bocchi é formada em Rádio e Televisão pela Faculdade Cásper Líbero, onde desenvolveu e praticou sua paixão pelo Cinema através da escrita de roteiros e produção de curtas-metragens. Hoje atua como publicitária, adora um bom café coado na Hario e divide seu tempo de lazer entre o eixo Pinheiros (SP) – Ipanema (RJ).
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